see below

Prose may be a a story, description of emotion, idea or presentation of a human character but poetry is an experience.

It is concerned with experience rather than information. It allows us to live more deeply and fully with greater awareness.

We are better off for having poetry because without it we are spiritually impoverished and unfulfilled.

-Looking for a lesson or moral-Expecting to always find poetry to be beautiful

Intellectual, Sensuous, Emotional, Imaginative

see below

Read a poem with the emotion it contains not with too little or too much emotion.

Contains a certain number of feet.

Extra pause

It reveals the barest, most inadequate approximation of what the poem really says. It then reveals how far short of the actual poem it falls. ( makes the theme more accessible)

The prose meaning is the barest most inadequate approximation of what the poem says. The poetry meaning is the entire experience.

-who is the narrator?-what is the occasion?

see below

Sound, denotation and connotation

grandiose, humble, fanciful, matter-of-fact, romantic or realistic, archaic or modern, technical or everyday, monosyllabic or polysyllabic choose most meaningful word

They use as much of a word as possible

Multiple meanings of a poem can enrich the experience through multiple denotations and with that many connotations

see below

visual, auditory, gustatory, tactile, organic, kinestetic

image bearing= concrete wordsnon-image bearing= abstract words

see below

comparing two things using like or as

a detailed comparison in the form of a simile that is many lines in length.

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.Four types- literal and figurative term named-literal named, figurative implied-literal implied, figurative named- both implied

the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.

a figure of speech in which the poet addresses an absent person, an abstract idea, or a thing.

a fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate extended metaphor.

an exageration

using something closely related to refer to that something

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa

a word formulated by association with its sound

something that means more than it is

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

the expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true.

the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

An extended metaphor, also known as a conceit or sustained metaphor, is when an author exploits a single metaphor or analogy at length through multiple linked vehicles, tenors, and grounds throughout a poem or story

Ask about this?

Overused metaphors.

-affords imaginative pleasure- figures of speech are a way of bringing additional imagery into verse, of making the abstract concrete, of making poetry more sensuous.- a way of adding emotional intensity tootherwise merely informative statements- a way of adding emotional intensity tootherwise merely informative statements

the poem allowing for an idea is a plausible explanation within the bounds of the poetry’s implication while the other is directly intended.

under interpret

shock value

verbal irony: saying the opposite of what you meansarcasm: bitter or cutting speech

the discrepancy is not between what the speakersays and what the speaker means but between what the speaker says and what the poem means

demand an exercise of critical intelligence

a means of reinforcing the emotion or the ideas of one’sown work with the emotion or ideas of another work or occasion. Becausethey may compact so much meaning in so small a space, they areextremely useful to the poet.

see below

Good readers of poetry are receptive to all kinds ofexperience with a suspension of disbelief

The primary value of a poem depends not so much on the truth of the idea presented as on the power with which it is communicated and on being made a convincing part of a meaningful total experience

They may not agree with a poem but they can still appreciate it, tolerance is key.

the writer’s or speaker’sattitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself. It is the emotional coloring, or the emotional meaning, of the work

see below

by the choice and arrangement of sounds by the arrangement of accents

always the same yet always different.

. If we get too much sameness, the result is monotony and tedium; if we get too much variety, the result is bewilderment and confusion

the quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through a harmonious combination of words.

a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.

repetition of initial consonant sounds

The repetition of vowel sounds

The repetition of final consonant sounds

the rime sounds involve only one syllable

rime sounds involve two or more syllables

(approximate rimes) include words with any kind of sound similarity

one ormore riming words are within the line

see below

any wavelike recurrence of motion orsound

is the kind of rhythm we can tap our foot to. In metricallanguage the accents are arranged to occur at apparently equal intervals oftime, and it is this interval we mark off with the tap of our foot.

sets the beat

Metricallanguage is called verse.

Nonmetrical language is prose

unaccented followed by accented syllable

accented followed by unaccented

two unaccented followed by accented

accented followed by two unaccented

two unaccented

-Extrametrical syllables-Substitution-Truncation

adding in extra syllables

unexpected introduction of word that follows same form

cut off

Scansion is at best a gross way of describing the rhythmical quality of a poem

stress required by the meaning of a line, as distinguished from that required by the meter

HELP

see below

sound connects in some way with their meaning example: flame

vowels are musical tones while consonants are noises

mellifluous sounds lmnr and soft v and f ,,,, plosives are harsher: bdgkpt

Help

see below

form is external shape where as structure is the arrangement of ideas images thoughts sentneces

-Continuous -Stanzaic -Fixed

lines follow each other without formal grouping

written in a series of stanzas that is repeated units having the same number of lines usually the same metrical pattern and often have identical rhyme scheme

A traditional pattern that applies to a whole poem.

appeals to human instinct

-sonnets-villanelles-sestinas

Petrarchan: eight lines of octave abbaabba and six lines sestet cdcdcdShakespearean: three quatrains of four, abab cdcd efef and concludes in couplet gg

a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain.

a poem with six stanzas of six lines and a final triplet, all stanzas having the same six words at the line-ends in six different sequences that follow a fixed pattern, and with all six words appearing in the closing three-line envoi.

-terza rima-ballad

an arrangement of triplets, especially in iambs, that rhyme aba bcb cdc, etc., as in Dante’s Divine Comedy.

a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part of the folk culture.

see below

1.) What is the central purpose?2.) How fully has this purpose been accomplished?3.)How important is the purpose?

failing to answer any of the questions adequately.