the patterned form of verbal or written expression of ideas and concentrated imaginative and rhythmical terms.

the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in the line of poetry

a unit of meter: iam or iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic, pyrrhic

2 syllable foot with stress on the second syllableexample: (a book) (of ver) (says un) (derneath)(the bough)

2 syllable foot with stress on the first syllableexample: (double) (double) (toil and) (trouble)

3 syllable foot with stress on the last syllableexample: (with the sheep) (in the fold) (and the cows) (in their stalls)

3 syllable foot with stress on the first syllableexample: (love again) (song again) (nest again) (young again)

2 stressed syllablesexample: heartbreak, childhood, football

2 unstressed syllablesexample:

monometer (1)dimeter (2)trimeter (3)tetrameter (4)pentameter (5)hexameter (6)heptameter (7)octameter (8)

rhymed verse (rhyme and meter)blank verse (meter, but no rhyme)free verse (no meter, no thyme)

rhyme (the likeness of sound existing between two words)end rhyme similarity (occurring at the end of two or more lines of a verse)internal rhyme (similarity occurring between two or more words within a line of poetry)

repetition of beginning soundsexample: Dan’s dog dove deep in the dam, drinking dirty water as he dove.

when one syllable of a word rhymes with another word

similarity or reputation of vowel soundsexample: “Hear the mellow wedding bells,Golden bells!” vowel sound of short e

a word that sounds like what it meansexample: bam, pop, smash, wham

repetition of consonant soundsexample: “Shelley sells shells by the seashore.”

repetition of one or more phrases at intervals in a poem usually at the end of a stanzaexample: “let’s gets lost…”

an expression in which the words are used in a nonliteral sense to present a figure, picture, or image

comparing using “like” or “as”example: He is as mad as a hornet

comparison without like or asexample: He is a hornet

giving human-like qualities to inanimate objectsexample: The flowers waved in the breeze

when you directly address an inanimate objectexample: “broccoli, you’re hurting me!”

the technique of mentioning a part of something to represent the wholeexample: The word “wheels” refers to a vehicle.

exaggeration for the sake of emphasisexample: “I’ve told you a million times”

the substitution of a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it.example: Can you please give me a hand carrying this box up the stairs?

an understatement achieved by saying the opposite of what one means or by making affirmation by stating the fact in the negative.example: “They do not seem the happiest couple around.””This is no small problem.”

balancing or contrasting of one term against anotherexample- “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind” – Neil Armstrong

a word or image that signifies something other than what it literally represented example- “Wilson” in Castawaythe raft in Huck Finn

division of a poem based on thought or form

a two line stanza

a three line stanza

a four line stanza

a five line stanza

a six line stanza

a seven line stanza

a closed couplet with two successive rhyming verses which contain a complete thought within the two linesexample: “The time is out of joint, O cursed spiteThat ever I was born to set it right!”

five line nonsense poemexample: here once was a man from PeruWho had a lot of growing up to do,He’d ring a doorbell,then run like hell,Until the owner shot him with a .22.

an eight line stanza

a 14 – line poem consisting of iambic pentameter linesexample:Do not stand at my grave and weepby Mary Elizabeth FryeDo not stand at my grave and weep:I am not there; I do not sleep.I am a thousand winds that blow,I am the diamond glints on snow,I am the sun on ripened grain,I am the gentle autumn rain.When you awaken in the morning’s hushI am the swift uplifting rushOf quiet birds in circling flight.I am the soft starshine at night.Do not stand at my grave and cry:I am not there; I did not die.

14 – line poem consisting of an octave that makes a statement or states a problem and a sestet; a summary that gives a solution to the problemexample: Being one day at my window all alone,So manie strange things happened me to see,<--- problemAs much as it grieveth me to thinke thereon.At my right hand a hynde appear'd to mee,So faire as mote the greatest god delite;Two eager dogs did her pursue in chace.Of which the one was blacke, the other white:With deadly force so in their cruell raceThey pincht the haunches of that gentle beast,That at the last, and in short time, I spide, <----solutionUnder a rocke, where she alas, opprest,Fell to the ground, and there untimely dide.Cruell death vanquishing so noble beautieOft makes me wayle so hard a desire.

a song meant to be sung

the last two syllables of a word rhyme with another word

pattern or sequence in which rhyme occurs

Masculine rhyme – when one syllable of a word rhymes with another wordFeminine rhyme – the last two syllables of a word rhyme with another wordRhyme scheme- pattern or sequence in which rhyme occursalliteration- repetition of beginning sounds