Cause and Effect Signal Words
so that, because of, since, as a result, consequently, thus, unless, explanation for
Compare and Contrast Signal Words
different from, same as, alike, similar to, unlike, but, as well as, yet, compared to, in contrast, although, however, unless, while
Enumeration Signal Words
1, 2, 3, or bullets, or to begin with, first, second, in addition, next, then, last, finally
Sequential or Chronological Signal Words
first, second, third, now, before, after, then, next, finally, following, while, meanwhile, last, during, not long, when, on date
Concept/ Definition Signal Words
is, for example, involves, can be, defined, an example, for instance, in fact, also, contain, make up
Process Signal Words
Steps…
or First, next, then, begins with, in order to
Cause and Effect
Many Bald Eagles were killed by pesticides and illegal hunting. As a result, they were in danger of extinction.
Compare and Contrast
Golden Eagles are apt to hunt for prey while Bald Eagles are more likely to take an easy meal.
Enumeration or Listing
1. Golden Eagles are birds of prey.
2. Golden Eagles search for prey. 3. Golden Eagles swoop through the air to attack their prey.
Sequential or Chronological
First, Golden Eagles soar high along ridges near their nests. Then, they search for prey. When a meal is spotted, they attack in a long swoop.
Concept/Definition
Golden Eagles are powerful raptors with large dark brown bodies and small heads with golden crowns.
Generalization
All trees lose their leaves in the fall.
Process
Recipe in a cookbook, directions on building a new bookcase purchased from Staples
Problem/Solution
Cars create a great deal of air pollution. Therefore, people should ride their bikes when able in order to reduce the pollution.
Idiom
My boss gave me the green light.
Metaphor
He was a statue, waiting to hear the news.
Simile
Her depressed mood passed as quickly as an afternoon rain shower.
Onomatopoeia
Tick-tock
Symbolism
She is wearing a pink ribbon because her mother has breast cancer.
Hyperbole
I’m so hungry I could eat the entire buffet at Golden Corral right now.
Personification
My car drank the gasoline in one gulp.