a sequence of events in a narrative that is carefully constructed by the author for artistic purpose

a chronological description of real events

background information on the characters, setting, and other events necessary for understanding the story are given

the conflict is developed, suspense is created, and foreshadowing may be used

the interplay between opposing elements

protagonist vs. self

protagonist vs. other(s)

protagonist vs. environment

the turning point in the plot at which the outcome of the action is determined

the events following the technical climax in which the outcome is actually worked out

the final event of a story’s plot

the point of greatest interest or intensity to the story

a very modern creation that is pleasurable to read as it describes characters in a situation, but does not employ the development or the resolution of a conflict

the represented time and place of events in a literary work

a fictional personality created by an author

the technique a writer uses to create and reveal characters in a work of fiction

telling the reader about a character in a straightforward manner

showing the reader what a character is like through descriptions of thought, dialogue, action, etc.

the reasons that cause characters to act as they do

the central character in a work of fiction about whom the audience is most concerned

the principal opponent of the main character

a character who is well described and whose thoughts and actions are revealed during the development of the story

a character who is not well developed in a story, but who represents a type rather than an individual

a character who grows, learns, or changes in some significant way throughout the story

a character who resists change or refuses to change during the school

a character that contrasts in some important way with a more important character

a character whose speech, thoughts, and actions are what the reader has been lead to expect from that particular character

a TYPE of character that is usually found in a particular literary form

a character created according to widely held, often narrow-minded, ideas

the physical and psychological relationship between the narrator and the story’s characters and events

the teller of the story

the narrator is a character in the story

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports only what can be seen and heard

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports not only what can be seen and heard, but also the thoughts and feeling of a few characters

the narrator is not a character in the story and report what can be seen and heard, along with the thoughts and feelings of all the characters

the controlling idea of a literary work that is a general truth or commentary about life, people, the work that is brought out in the story

describes the reader’s state of mind after finishing the story

describes the general feeling of the story itself

the distinctive handling of language by a writer through the purposeful selection of words and sentence structure

selection of words

sentence structure

the author or speaker’s attitude toward the characters, events, or audience

the use of something concrete to represent something abstract

contrast between the way things are and the way they appear to be

a discrepancy between the literal meaning of a work and the meaning actually conveyed

a discrepancy between knowledge held by the reader and a character’s ignorance of that knowledge

a discrepancy between the expected outcome of a situation and the actual outcome

a rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery to appeal to emotion and imagination

a story told in verse form

a brief, personal poem that is especially musical and filled with emotion

a type of poem that is meant to be sung and is both lyric and narrative in nature

two dissimilar things that are compared using words such as “like, “as”, “than”, or “resembles”

two dissimilar things that are compared without using words such as “like”, “as”, “than”, or “resembles”

directly compares two things with a verb such as “is”

suggests a comparison without using “is”

a metaphor that is developed over several lines of writing

giving human or animate qualities to nonhuman or inanimate things

addressing something nonhuman as if it were human

a reference to a person, place, or thing from previous literature

exaggeration for the sake of effect, for emphasis, not to be taken literally; overstatement

saying the opposite of what is true

balancing or contrasting one thing against another for effect

using a part of something to represent the whole thing

the substitution of one word for another closely associated word

an apparent contradiction which proves, upon examination, to be true

the repetition of the initial consonant sound in two or more words in a line of verse

the repetition of consonant sounds that are NOT at the beginning of words in a line of verse

the similarity or repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words with different consonant sounds

the use of words that imitate the sounds they define

repeating a word or a phrase within a poem

the repetition of one or more phrases or lines at definite intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza

a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit

a 2 line stanza

a 3 line stanza

a 4 line stanza

a 5 line stanza

a 6 line stanza

an 8 line stanza

the similarity or likeness of sound in 2 or more words

rhyme involving sounds that are exactly the same

rhyme involving words that sound similar, but are not exactly the same

rhyme that depends on spelling rather than sound

rhyme that occurs between words found at the ends or two or more lines in a poem

rhyme between words that occurs within a single line of poetry

the pattern or sequence in which end rhyme occurs throughout a poem

the patter of stressed and unstressed syllables in words in a line of poetry

a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

a unit of meter

the process of marking lines of poetry to show the type of feet and the number of feet they contain

u /

/ u

/ /

u u

u u /

/ u u

one foot per line

2 feet per line

3 feet per line

4 feet per line

5 feet per line

6 feet per line

7 feet per line

8 feet per line

consists of a verse with end rhyme and regular meter

consists of unrhymed iambic pentameter

consists of lines of poetry that do not have a regular rhythm and do not rhyme

a drama in which the larger-than-life protagonist’s actions lead him to commit an injustice which eventually causes disaster, often including his own death

a man of noble stature, with extraordinary qualities, passion or nobility of mind. he is basically good, but not perfect. must have a fall often ending in the hero’s death. before dying, he gains self-knowledge

a criminal act committed in ignorance of some material fact or even for the sake of a greater good

a character fault: can be the result of an excess of a virtue

the audience’s reaction to the protagonist’s fall

a misleading persuasive argument

attacking the opponent personally instead of their ideas

a generally accepted virtue or “God-term” is usually employed to stir up favorable emotions

emphasizes only the favorable points of a product or idea and does not mention the unfavorable aspects

using statistics to impress or overwhelm the consumer

tireless repetition of an idea/slogan

threatening someone that something bad will happen if they dont agree

based on race, ethnicity, social-class

reinforces people’s natural desire to be on the winning side

celebrity endorsement of a philosophy, movement or candidate

shows important people to support a position, idea, argument, or course of action

the “common man” approach attempts to convince the audience that the propagandist’s positions reflect the common sense of the people

one can usually draw a conclusion from one or more established premises; the premises may be accurate but the conclusion not

14 lined poem written about love

classical form with heightened, impassioned language, apostrophe where speaker invokes an object and develops a relationship with it

sounds like a person musing

an idealized but flawed character

a totally classless society

form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly

pretend to discuss a different topic than which is implied

reduction ad absurdum (shrink excessively)