a series of events in a narrative that is carefully constructed by the author

a chronological description of real events (to tel what happened)

a very modern creation, that is pleasurable to read as it describes chracters in a situation, but does not employ the development or resolution of a conflict

this structure is when the story starts in the middle of the action, andthen information about the beginning of the action is supplied to the reader through flashbacks along with other expository devices

a story within a story

exposition, compilation, technical climax, resolution, conclusion

conflict is introduced & background information on the characters, setting, and other events necessary for understanding the story are given in this step

the conflict is developed, suspense is created, and forshadowing may be used here

anticipation, as to the outcome of events

hints at later events

the interplay between opposing elements

conflict involving… internal struggle

conflict involving… external struggle with people & society

conflict involving… external struggle with nature

the turning point in the plot at which the outcome of the action is determined; the conflict starts to end

the point greatest interest or intensity in a story (subjective)

events following the technical climax, in which the outcome is actually worked out

the final event of a story’s plot

the represented time and place of events in a literary work

to help in understanding the characters & their actions, to help create mood and atmosphere, to facilitate plot development by being involved in the conflict

technique authors use, using the setting, or nature, to parallel/mirror the mood of a character or of the story

a fictional personality created by an author

technique an author uses to create and reveal characters in a work of fiction

two things that are essential for a good character

i.

e. Mary is a nice girl.

i.e. Mary likes to help little children with their homework.

the reasons that cause characters to act the way they do

the central character in a work of fiction; they sat the action of the plot

the principle opponent of the main character, the person or thing working against

character who is well described and whose thoughts and actionsare revealed to the reader

a non-developed character in a story

character who grows, learns, an changes in some significant way throughout

character who resists change or refuses to change in a story

character who constraints in some important way with a more important character (with their contrasts, they underscore the distinctive characteristics of another)

character whose speech, thoughts, and actions are what the reader has been led to ecpect from that particular character

type of character who is always found “in stock” in a particular type of story

character created according to widely held, often narrow-minded ideas (no individuality; not developed)

the physical and phychological relationship between the narrator and the story’s characters/events

the teller of the story

the narrator is a character in the story

the narrator is not a character in the story, and reports only what can be seen and heard

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports not only what can be seen and heard, but also the thoughts and feelings of one of the chararacters

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports not only what can be seen and heard, but also the thoughts and feelings of all of the important characters

a controlling idea of a literary work that is a general truth or commentary about life, people, and the world that is brought out in a story (moral/lesson of the story)

complete declarative sentence, general truth about life, clearly brought out throughout the entire story

“This story is overall about _____.” and “What is it about _____ that the author is trying to tell me?” **the words in these blanks are the theme

described the reader’s state of mind after she finishes the story (emotions left with the reader)

describes the general feeling of the story itself, established by the story’s description

the distinctive handling of language by a writer through the purposeful selection of words and sentence structure; this helps to indicate tone

the purposeful selection of words

sentence structure

the author or speaker’s attitude toward the characters, events, or audience which is created by details & descriptive words used by the author

the use of something concrete to represent something abstract; using a thing to represent an idea, concept, quality, or condition

contrast between the way things truly are & the way they appear to be

a discrepancy between the menaing (literal) of a word & the meaning actually conveyed; sarcasm could be an example (say something bu mean another)

a discrepancy between knowledge held by a reader & the characters ignorance of that knowledge (readers know somehting the character doesn’t)

a discrepancy between the expected outcome of a situation & the actual outcome (twist in the plot)

a long poem told in verse form; an epic is an example

a brief personal poem that uses many sound devices, as well as rhythm, adn meter, and is full of emotion; sonnets, odes, elegies are examples

a type of poem that is actually meant to be sung and is both lyric and narrative

words or phrases that describe one thing in terms of another & is not meant to be taken on a literal level

two dissimilar things that are compared using words such as “like” “than” “as” or “resembles”

this makes a comparison between two unlike things

the literal term and the figurative term are both named

the literal term is named while the figurative term is implied

a metaphor, direct or implied, that is developed over more then one line of poetry

giving human or animate qualities to an animal, object, or concept

addressing someone, absent or dead, or something non-human as if it were alive and present and could reply

a reference to a person, place, or thing from previous literature

Bible, Greek/Roman mythology, Shakespeare

using exaggeration for emphasis; overstatement

a special form of understatement; it affirms something by negating the opposite

states one thing when, in fact, the opposite meaning is intended

a strong contrast of words, clauses, sentences, or ideas that shows opposing grammatical structures

using a part of something to represent the whole thing

the substitution of one word for another closely related word (not synonym though)

a statement that although seemingly contradictory or absurd may actually be well-founded or true

something that means more than what it truly is

figures of speech that pertain to the words sound in a line of poetry

the repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of certain words

the repetition at close intervals of middle or end consonant sounds of certain words

the similarity and repetition at close intervals of vowel sounds of certain words

the use of words that mimic their meaning in their sound

repeating a word or phrase within a poem in order to…

make rembering it easier, emphasize it, unite the poem’s structure

the repetition of the structure of two or more lines in a poem

the listing of words, images, or attributes

the repetition of a word or phrase or line(s) at definite intervals of a poem

a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit; often referred to as a “paragraph” of poetry

a 2 line stanza

a 3 line stanza

a 4 line stanza

a 5 line stanza

a 6 line stanza

a 7 line stanza

an 8 line stanza

th similarity or llikeness of sound in two or more words

the repetition of accented vowel sounds and all succeding sounds in important words

this occurs when there are changes within the vowel sounds intended to rhyme, but only the final consonant sounds of the words are identical (soul/oil)

rhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme because of pronounciation

rhyme between words that occurs within a single line of poetry

the pattern of end rhyme throughout a poem

the pattern of stressed/unstressed syllabes in words in a line of poetry

a regularized pattern of stressed/unstressed syllables in a line of poetry; the intentional arrangement of language in which the accented syllables occur at equal intervals of time

the process of marking lines of poetry to determine the meter; stressed= “/” and unstressed= “u”

the basic unit of meter used in the scansion or measurement of verse, either consisting of two or three syllabes

iambic

trochaic

spondaic

pyrrhic

anapestic

dactylic

one foot per line

two feet per line

three feet per line

four feet per line

five feet per line

six feet per line

seven feet per line

eight feet per line

has a regular meter & rhyme scheme

unrhymed iambic pentameter (Shakespeare wrote mostly this)

no regular metrical rhythm or end rhyme

has regular meter & no rhyme scheme

the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a line onto the next line or stanza (no end punctuation)

lines in which both the grammatical structure and the sense reach completion at the end

a pause within a line of verse

verbs should be in this tense

“there,” “here,” and “it” cannot ____.

“every,” “perfect,” “never,” and “always” are _____.

can superlatives be used in formal writing

avoid this modifier

write in ____ rather than in passive voice.

True or False: First and second person pronouns can be used in formal writing.

True or False: The word “thing” and its forms are perfectly acceptible in the terms of formal writing.

True or False: Abbreviations such as “w/” or “b/c” or others are not okay to use in formal writing.

True or False: Slang words or phrases can be used freely in formal writing.

True or False: Contractions such as can’t, don’t, i’m, etc. need to be separated (without an ‘) in formal writing

margin size of an MLA style paper

spacing allowable for MLA papers

the font should be ____; size ___ when writing a formal paper (two answers with a “;” between them

MLA format includes…