Table of Contents Abstract 4 Cultural Influence on Management Styles. 5 Introduction. 5 The Types of Management styles. 6 1.
Democratic. 8 2. Authoritarian. 8 3. Laissez-Faire. 9 Factors Affecting Managerial Style. 10 Factors.
10 The cultural factor: 11 Hypothesis. 12 Managerial Styles Assessment 13 The Authoritarian managerial style: 13 The Democratic managerial style: 14 The Laissez-Faire managerial style: 15 Results. 16 Variance across different countries: 16 Discussion. 18 Conclusion. 19 References. 20 AbstractThis research investigates the three main types ofmanagement styles with the respect to cultural influence on the organizationeffectiveness. This study modelled statistics from across several countries toevaluate the difference in management leadership approaches and its effectiveness.
The main hypothesis of the research is that a manager’s culture has a crucialimpact on his abilities as a leader and his management style. The methodologyadapted was data collection from several countries with the emphasis on factorssuch as power distance, masculinity & femininity, individualism, avoidance,orientation and indulgence. The results demonstrated the effect of the varianceof the cultural differences on influencing the managerial styles.Keywords: managerial styles,cultural influences, dataCultural Influence onManagement Styles The organizationalstructure demands a structural hierachy with specific managerial roles that areresposnible for significant responsibilites tailored towards organizationpivots of confronting either challenges or opportunuites.
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Aside from theirtittles and their roles, the managers should be focused on analysing andunderstnading the diversity of behaviours of all the organizations staff. Sincemost managers are in direct charge of their teams, job and duty fullgilmentalong with perfromance and conflict resolution is their direct accountability.Furthermore ensuring and implementing motivational and developing strategies isa critical responsibility through which the manager should be mindful onachieving the organizatonal core privinciples and culture. Introduction The manager must have the ability to conceive and understandthe organizational requirement with regards to the role responsibilities,functionality and efficiency. The managerial effectiveness is determinedthrough factors that assess and evaluate the manager’s capacity in overseeingand evaluating the individual attributes such as performance, absenteeism,turnover and productivity.
In addition to the personal attitudes such assatisfaction, commitment, stress and involvement. Evaluating and measuringthese behaviors of the team members will allow the managers to be better manageand develop their teams and hence the effectiveness of the manager can bemeasured through the team’s effectivity and performance. Themanger’s actions and functionality impact the organization on all kinds oflevels whether it was financial, perfromartory or stakeholder’s relationship.The challenging preposition of the managerial role define his or her actionstowards setting optimal organizatonal goals achievement. However, if themanager didn’t conceive and understand the duties well, it may jeopardize thewhole organization. The various ways of dealing with the subordinates atthe workplace is called as management style.
The management style is affectedby the metrics and efficiency of the managers themselves. However, there is no single management style that canbe applied in all sorts of organizations due to the variance of factors andattributes such as the organization culture, purpose, size and activities.Nevertheless, the management style is the most debated and researched aspect ofthe organization due to its influence on individual and organizationalperfromance. It has a direct impact from its various elements on organizationalinternal and external activities, communication, goal actualization andperfromance of the overall organization, employees and stakeholders. The Types ofManagement stylesThe managementstyles are continuously fluctuating since they are different according themanagerial manner of the organization and its employees with the focus on thevarying activities and characteristics of both the organization and itsemployees.
In order to achieve a successful style of management, the managershould be adapted to efficient team building and motivation. The types ofmanagement styles vary according to the organizational cultures, for example,the participative management style is the decision of the manager to shareinformation with the employees aiming towards decision making indulgence andyielding from all the staff member. Through this style the employees takeaccountability for decisions that are directly affiliated with them andaffecting them. Through this method, the employees will have the ambition anddrive to perform effectively regardless of the manager referring to extrinsicmotivators for the employees to meet goals. The leadership styles are determined by themanagement style where each is different from the other by the managerialapproach. For instance, the authoritarian style is where leaders or managershave the absolute complete control on the group and its choices and are sure tomake solo decisions based on their assessments and ideas.
Whereas, thedemocratic leadership style motivates the group to participate whether insharing or expressing ideas but are more tentative about the decision makingprocess based on participation. On the other hand, the laissez-fair is more ofa delegate process through which managers hand their teams all the tools andadvices necessary for their assessment and allow them to make the decisionmaking process of the organization 1. Democratic.A type of management style in which members of the grouptake a more participative role in the decision-making process. Some of the maincharacteristics of Democratic Management Style include:· Group members areencouraged to share ideas and opinions, even though the leader retains thefinal say over decisions.· Members of the group feelmore engaged in the process.· Creativity is encouragedand rewarded.
The main attribute for this leadership style that is mostly adaptedheavily by organization is that it allows the practical solving of complexsituations and conflictsHowever, although its advantages are characterized by:· The increase of job satisfaction and· The development of expertise. Its disadvantages are critical since it’s characterized by:· Slow decision making process and· Inaccuracy of decision making2. Authoritarian.A management style characterized byindividual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Someof the primary characteristics of Authoritarian Management Style include:· Little or no input fromgroup members· Leaders make the decisions· Group leaders dictate allthe work methods and processes· Group members are rarelytrusted with decisions or important tasksThisleadership style is most effective in high emergency or stressful time itspracticality erupts from its advantages as · The ability to issue quick and effectivedecisions whereas the disadvantages are characterised by · Less ideas input and · Demotivation3. Laissez-Faire.A type of management style in which leaders are hands-offand allow group members to make the decisions.
Laissez-faire leadership is characterized by:•Very little guidance from leaders•Complete freedom for followers to make decisions•Leaders provide the tools and resources needed•Group members are expected to solve problems on their own•Power is handedover to followers, yet leaders still take responsibility for the groupsdecisions and actionsThis leadership approach is mostly suitable and effectivelyimplemented in a work environment of highly educated and skilled staff wherethey are able to take decisions based on their own judgment. It ischaracterized by advantages such as: · Satisfied employees whom are proudof their works and · High morale of employees Whereas on the other hand its advantages are as serious as:· Employees working for their ownbenefits and against the organizational goals Factors Affecting Managerial StyleIn order for managers to adopt a successful entrepreneurleadership style, many factors have to be understood that can influence andaffect the type of management. In order to assess the different leadershipstyle four factors, have to considered. Factors 1. Personality:One of the most attributes that affect the leadership style of themanagers are their individualistic personality. Aligning the nature of themanager with his managerial style can be most effective and has been determinedas the most successful. Furthermore, if a manager is more productive andefficient with following up protocols and rules then that will be the mostadaptable strategy of implementing leadership and managerial styles. 2.
Belief system:Asidefrom the personality, the ethics of the managers and their professionalismimpact their leadership styles. For instance, the manager who has a team playerspirit will encourage and emphasize teamwork and is more likely to adopt theleadership style. Whereas, a manager who prefer self-actualization and self-managementwill encourage the laissez-fair leadership style. 3. Culture:The culture of the company maybe the most influential factor in impactingthe leadership style adopted by managers. For example, the stronglymotivational organizational culture that aids high training would encourage theadaptation of the laisses faire style.
The leader or the manager will adopt thebest style that motivates the realization and actualization of the organization4. Diversity:The diversity employment is increasing in different industriesand organization and hence the variations of genders, races, ethnicity, cultureand age can be easily managed under the democratic managerial style whichencourages the participatory strategy and aids the employees in developmentWithin the aspect of this study, thecultural factor will be focused on mostly due to its influence on themanagerial styles. The cultural factor:· Every culture distinguishesitself from others by the specific solutions it chooses to certain problems.· A pattern of shared values,norms, and practices that help distinguish one organization from another · Culture is the context inwhich a company orpeople operates, engages people, change the view of work,creates greater synergy, makes everyone more successful, produce the currentactions and form an element of future actions· Culture is a collectiveprogramming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group fromanother…
Includes system of values; and values are among the building blocksof culture…” (Hofstede, 1980).· Culture is the sharedknowledge, beliefs, values, behaviors & ways of thinkingHypothesisThe hypothesis of this study is: A manager’s culture has acrucial impact on his abilities as a leader and his management style. For this purpose, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions will be used as the basis oftesting the hypothesis proposed Managerial Styles AssessmentThe Authoritarian managerial style: RUSSIAThe dimensions in Russia seem to point at the preference of:· Power distance:The indication that power distance scores 93 in Russia signifies thatpower is distributed unequally and that the behaviors reflect the authoritarianstatus · Uncertainty avoidance: The score of 95 signifies that the cultures fears ambiguous situationsand have created institutions and beliefs to avoid such situations and thusRussia have constituted the most complex bureaucracies in its management styles· Long term Orientation:This81 score indicates how the society and culture of Russia stays connected withits past to resolve common day conflicts and explains its pragmatic mindset The Democratic managerial style: Netherlands The dimensions of Netherlands indicate:· Individualism:The high indicator of individualism 80 indicates the strong independencyof the members of the Netherlands society· Long-term orientation:Indicates the relation between the past and future in conflict andproblem solution· Indulgence:Indicatedhow people in Netherlands control their impulses and decision makings and enjoythe extent of expressing their ideas and thoughts The Laissez-Faire managerial style: India The dimensions of India indicate:· Power distanceIt explains the unequal power distribution especially in the lessempowered organizational members· Masculinity Indicated that India is driven by masculinity towards competition andsuccess.
It also addresses the religious diversity in India that empowers themasculine figures · Long term orientation Indialinks to its past in addressing the future especially in organizationsThe variance among the threemanagerial styles is evident in the figure below: Results Variance across different countries: Figure one: Figure Two: Figure Three: DiscussionAfter evaluation and analysis:The Authoritarian managerialstyles indicate from Russia are as follows:High power distance, Masculinity and Short term thinkingThe Democratic managerialstyle from the Netherlands as follows:Low power distance, feminine, long term thinkingAnd the Laisses Faire asfollow:Restraints, collectivism and low power distance Thus, it was evaluated the culturalimpact based on the analysis of the data accordingly:It was evaluated that the Authoritarian managerialstyle is: It was evaluated that the Democratic managerialstyle is: It was evaluated that the Laissez-Faire managerialstyle is: ConclusionThe analysis of this study concluded that the hypothesissuggested that A manager’s culture has a crucial impact on his abilities as aleader and his management style is true. The evaluation of the variance betweendifferent cultures and different countries have demonstrated that culturalaffiliation has a direct imposition and huge influence on the managerial style. References http://www.citycollege.edu/blog.
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com/Articles/How-Culture-Affects-Leadership http://www.academia.edu/18293218/THE_IMPACT_OF_CULTURE_IN_FORMULATING_MANAGEMENT_STYLE •https://geert-hofstede.com/countries.html •Northouse, P. G. (2015). Introduction to leadership.
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