natural speech rhythms replace meter

unrhymed iambic pentameter

two successive lines, usually the same meter, linked by rhyme

repetition of accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds in importantly positioned words

Rhyming stressed syllable followed by rhyming unstressed syllable (ex. mountain/fountain; hurrying/scurrying)

Rhyme falls in stressed concluding syllables of words

near rhyme; usually substitution of assonance or consonance (Lids/Lads or yellow/willow)

words appear as though they should rhyme, but they don’t (ex. Cough/tough(

repetition of same consonant

repetition of vowel sounds

words whose sounds suggest meaning

allows one line to run over to the next

slight but definite pause within a line/break in metrical line

modulation caused by the rise and fall of the voice; inner tune of a sentence or line

poem that tells a story

long narrative poem

fairly short narrative poem; song-like stanza form

brief subjective poem creating single unified effect

meditation on death or another solemn theme

romantic, antique form, addresses object that attracts poet’s imagination

nostalgic and unrealiztic, simple rural lives

speaker reveals his/her character through extended speech not addressed to audience

14 lines; iambic pentameter

short, witty poem; makes a pointed statement

A reference to something literary, mythological, or historical

The implied or associative meaning of a word

The literal meaning of a word

Having to do with the word choices made by a writer

The manner in which words are arranged by a writer into sentences

The attitude of a write, usually implied, toward the subject or audience

Informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing

An expression in which two words that contradict each other are joined

Endowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities or characteristics

the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines of speech

A comparison between two different things which are similar in some way

An apparently contradictory statement which contains some truth

A humorous imitation of a serious work

An object which is something in itself yet is used to represent something else

A concise statement, which expresses succinctly as general truth or idea, often using rhyme or balance

Intentional exaggeration to create an effect

The act of directly speaking to an absent or imaginary person, or to some abstraction

Something, which has as its primary purpose to teach or instruct

A major category or type of literature

A type of understatement in which something affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite

Substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it

An intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack

An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant

A word formed from the imitation of natural sounds

An extended metaphor