Poetry
Musical form of literature in which words may suggest multiple layers of meaning.
These layers emerge through the structure of the poem, the sounds and meanings of words, and the speaker’s voice.
Stanzas
Poems consist of lines that may be organized into groups called _____.
Meter
The rhythmic pattern established by stresses, or beats, within each line of a poem.
Feet
Units that meter is measured in because apparently poetry has math involved #SokolWouldBeProud
Scanning
Marking each stressed syllablewith an accent (´) and each unstressed syllablewith a horseshoe symbol (?). Vertical lines (|) areused to divide each line into feet.
Most metricalfeet consist of one stressed and one or moreunstressed syllables.
Iambic tetrameter
Eight syllables, or four iambic feet.
Iambic pentameter
Ten syllables, or five iambic feet.
Enjambed
When a line breaks before completing a grammatical unit that can stand on its own.
Free verse
Poems that do not follow regular metrical patterns but do include rhythmic elements that are often created through the combinations of word sounds.
Rhyme
Repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the ends of words.
End rhymes
Rhymes at the end of lines
Internal Rhymes
Rhymes that appear within lines.
Slant Rhyme
Words with similar, but not exact, end sounds, as in gill and shell, or understand and find.
Rhyme scheme
The pattern of end rhymes in a poem
Couplet
pair of rhyming lines, usually of the same meter and length. Usually expresses a single idea and often functions as a complete stanza.
Alliteration
repetition of initial consonant sounds
Assonance
repetition of vowel sounds within stressed syllables that end in different consonant sounds
Consonance
repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables that have different vowel sounds
Onomatopoeia
actual or invented word that imitates the sound of what it names or describes
Voice
Emerges from a poem’s speaker
Speaker
Serves the same function as the narrator in a story
Tone
Attitude projected toward the subject and the audience
Denotation
Word’s definition. Not sure why we can’t just use the word “definition” but there you have it
Connotations
emotional associations a word evokes
Sensory details
appeal to sight, sound, hearing, taste, and touch; create imagery in the mind of the reader and evoke emotional associations
Similes
make direct comparisons between unlike things using “like” or “as”
Metaphors
make direct comparisons by stating that one thing is another.
Personification
gives human qualities to nonhuman things
Hyperbole
an extreme exaggeration
Formal verse
follows established patterns. Each standard poetic form has specific requirements regarding rhyme scheme, meter, and line or stanza structure.
Narrative poetry
tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting
Epic poem
long narrative poem about gods or heroes
Ballad
shorter poem that describes a single event and may be set to music; most include short stanzas and a refrain that repeats several times, like the chorus in a song.
Dramatic poetry
tells a story using a character’s own thoughts or spoken statements
Lyric poetry
expresses the feelings of a single speaker, using melodic language, imagery, rhythm, and sound devices to express emotions.
Odes
poems of praise that often exhibit complex metrical patterns, specific rhyme schemes, and stanzas of ten or more lines each.
Elegies
poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation
Sonnets
14-line poems in which each line consists of 5 iambic feet (iambic pentameter)
Petrarchan sonnet
8 line stanza with an abbaabba rhyme scheme that is followed by a 6 line stanza with a cdecde rhyme scheme
Shakespearean sonnet
3 stanzas of 4 lines apiece have an abab/cdcdc/efef rhyme scheme, followed by a 2 line stanza with a gg rhyme scheme.
Haiku
Form of Japanese poetry that consists of 3 unrhymed lines consisting of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. Often describe a scene from nature and use imagery to convey a single vivid emotion or impression.
Tanka
Form of Japanese poetry that has 5 unrhymed lines consisting of 5, 7, 5 7, and 7 syllables.Often describe a scene from nature and use imagery to convey a single vivid emotion or impression.